Welcome Lykkers! Chhath Puja is one of the most ancient and revered festivals celebrated in India, especially in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh, as well as the Terai region of Nepal.

This four-day-long festival is unique in its worship of the Sun God (Surya) and his consort, Usha (the goddess of dawn). It signifies gratitude, spirituality, and a deep connection with nature and the elements.

Historical and Cultural Significance

Chhath Puja is thought to have origins that trace back to the Vedic period, establishing it as one of the most ancient festivals embedded in Hindu customs. The rituals and practices of this festival are mentioned in ancient texts, with connections to stories of various deities. The Sun God, Surya, is considered the source of life and energy on Earth, making his worship essential for prosperity, health, and spiritual cleansing.

According to Hindu mythology, Chhath Puja was first performed by Draupadi and the Pandavas of the Mahabharata to overcome their troubles and gain back their kingdom. Another legend attributes the festival to Lord Rama and Sita, who observed Chhath Puja after returning to Ayodhya following their 14-year exile. This act of devotion by Sita to the Sun God symbolizes the importance of the festival in maintaining life’s balance and achieving blessings.

Rituals and Practices of Chhath Puja

Chhath Puja spans four days, each day carrying deep spiritual significance and a set of rituals performed with strict discipline and devotion. Here’s a breakdown of the four days:

1. Nahay Khay (Day 1)

The festival begins with "Nahay Khay," a day of purification. Devotees cleanse their homes and themselves. The first meal, usually consisting of rice, dal (lentils), and pumpkin cooked with pure ghee, is prepared and consumed to symbolize the purification of the body and soul.

2. Lohanda and Kharna (Day 2)

On the second day, referred to as "Kharna," worshippers engage in a fast from dawn until dusk. The fast is broken after sunset with a simple meal known as "prasad," often consisting of kheer (a rice pudding made with jaggery and milk) and chapati. This meal is prepared without salt or any commercial spices, symbolizing purity and devotion.

3. Sandhya Arghya (Day 3)

The third day holds great importance as it signifies the presentation of "Sandhya Arghya," which refers to the evening offerings made to the setting sun. Devotees, dressed in traditional attire, gather at rivers, ponds, or other water bodies with their families and offer prayers while standing knee-deep in water. This ritual is done in gratitude for the day’s light and life force provided by Surya. Traditional songs and chants create an atmosphere of collective spirituality and devotion.

4. Usha Arghya (Day 4)

The final day, known as "Usha Arghya," involves the morning offerings to the rising sun. Devotees return to the water bodies before dawn to offer their prayers to the Sun God as he rises. This ritual symbolizes new beginnings and is believed to bring health, wealth, and prosperity. After completing the prayers, the devotees break their fast, marking the end of the Chhath Puja celebrations.

Symbolism and Spirituality

Chhath Puja is more than just a traditional festival; it is a testament to the relationship between humans and nature. The offerings made during Chhath include fruits, rice, and sweets, representing the bounty provided by the Earth. The act of offering "arghya" while standing in water highlights the importance of the four elements—earth, water, air, and fire—in maintaining the balance of life.

Devotees practice rigorous self-discipline, fasting without water for long periods, as they believe it cleanses the body and soul, purifies the mind, and promotes self-control. The festival also promotes community harmony as families and neighbors come together, sharing resources and supporting one another in preparing for the rituals.

Celebrations and Community Spirit

Chhath Puja is often celebrated by the banks of rivers and lakes, creating a communal atmosphere. Temporary platforms and ghats are constructed and decorated with banana leaves and lamps. The sight of thousands of devotees dressed in vibrant traditional attire, singing hymns, and performing rituals under the rising and setting sun is a breathtaking experience.

In addition to its tradition, the festival underscores values such as gratitude, resilience, and respect for nature. The collective spirit of Chhath Puja fosters a sense of unity, transcending faith and cultural boundaries in some regions, as people from all walks of life participate or show support.

Chhath Puja is a festival that encapsulates the essence of devotion, self-discipline, and the harmonious relationship between humanity and nature. The rituals are a reflection of timeless beliefs in the power of the Sun God to sustain life, making Chhath a significant celebration of life, faith, and the pursuit of well-being. For those who witness or take part in it, Chhath Puja is more than a festival; it is an experience that leaves an indelible mark of spirituality and gratitude.